Waste or Resource deals with nuclear fuel reprocessing, waste disposal, and weapons proliferation. The chapter opens relating a catastrophic coal ash spill, emphasizing the paucity or nuclear waste compared to that from fossil fuels. Successful reprocessing and deep subterranean burial for disposing of nuclear waste are detained, including the controversies and political gridlock often surrounding them. The argument that reprocessing fuel from power reactors cannot be a source of weapons proliferation concludes the chapter.