Risk and Regulation traces radiation regulation’s history and assesses the current state of risk. The exaggerated predictions of cancer epidemics following the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents is attributed to the inappropriate use of the linear no threshold (LNT) hypothesis for risk assessments. Actual risks are found to be minuscule compared to those from fossil fuel air pollution, industrial accidents, and other causes. Improbable nuclear accidents stemming from earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and more are considered. The economics of safety and the downsides of overregulation of radiation conclude the chapter.