Radiation and Radiophobia seeks to understand the fear of nuclear power. Opening with the author sheltering in place during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the chapter focuses on the impacts on the public’s psyche of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, atmospheric testing, fallout, and fictional movies and novels. The accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima are described along with the predictions of cancer epidemics, and the worldwide panics that resulted. The chapter concludes pointing out that cancer epidemics did not transpire and asks why that is so. The following chapter focuses on the answer.