This chapter critically examines the governance and policy paradigms shaping the adoption and scaling of cocoa-based agroforestry systems (CBAFS) as nature-based solutions for climate mitigation, soil fertility enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. Drawing from empirical evidence and policy analysis, the chapter highlights that while CBAFS offer substantial ecological and socio-economic benefits (including carbon sequestration, macro-fauna habitat conservation, and enhanced soil health), current institutional frameworks in most cocoa-producing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, remain fragmented and insufficiently supportive. The chapter identifies key policy gaps including limited integration of agroforestry into national agricultural, forestry, and climate strategies; weak inter-sectoral coordination; absence of clear incentive structures (such as Payments for Ecosystem Services and carbon finance); and inadequate extension and research linkages. These weaknesses have contributed to low uptake of cocoa agroforestry by smallholder farmers, despite growing evidence of its benefits. At the same time, the chapter points to emerging opportunities for policy reform and institutional innovation. These include global climate commitments under the Paris Agreement, the expansion of voluntary carbon markets, deforestation-free commodity initiatives, and increasing demand for sustainable cocoa by private sector actors. Such developments can be leveraged to mainstream agroforestry through policy instruments that promote carbon certification, biodiversity offsets, and farmer-friendly PES schemes. The chapter recommends a multi-level governance approach that strengthens synergies between local knowledge, national policy, and global frameworks. It calls for the development of enabling legal environments, the incorporation of soil macro-fauna and biodiversity indicators into certification schemes, and capacity-building programs for farmers and institutions. Greater attention to gender equity, land tenure security, and adaptive governance mechanisms is also emphasized. Thus, realizing the transformative potential of cocoa agroforestry systems requires a paradigm shift in land use governance (from extractive models to regenerative, climate-smart, and biodiversity-inclusive approaches), supported by coherent policies and inclusive institutions.