This chapter concerns the potential disadvantages of co-production and the extent to which co-production may challenge the existing Nordic welfare systems. With a historical-institutional perspective, challenges at the system level are discussed from the perspectives of actors in the public sector, non-profit sector and for-profit sector, and their corresponding logics of action. From the international literature, several disadvantages of co-production have been identified, and in the Nordic welfare states specifically, co-production can be seen as contradicting some of the fundamental principles of social citizenship. Without any critical junctures, the institutional logics and structures of the Nordic welfare systems will probably remain on their current paths, shaping co-production as a public management strategy to fit the established structures and practices of welfare development and implementation.