Rock art is a valuable cultural artifact and a fragile legacy, constantly threatened by natural erosion, environmental changes, and human activities. Traditionally, the study of rock art is based on manual methods, making it a time-consuming process and potentially subject to different interpretations by humans. In this study, we explore the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on the study of prehistoric rock art, with a particular focus on the recognition and analysis of figures depicted in ancient paintings. This study aims to evaluate the ability of Artificial Intelligence models to classify images of rock art and explore the feasibility of automatically detecting and classifying artworks within these images. The experimental results obtained suggest that the integration of Artificial Intelligence offers promising directions for expanding the scope of the study, connecting us to the creative expressions of our ancestors, and deepening our appreciation of this invaluable cultural heritage.