This research explores the use of Virtual Reality (VR)-based cognitive training to enhance engagement and learning outcomes in children with cognitive impairments. VR offers an immersive, interactive environment that supports customized training through gamified exercises, adaptive algorithms, and real-time monitoring. The system includes a mobile caregiver interface, a clinician dashboard for progress tracking, and VR-based interactive modules. It adapts difficulty levels using reinforcement learning and predicts performance using Bayesian inference to personalize future tasks. Built using Unity, C#, and Google Cardboard SDK, with 3D assets from Blender and Sketch Fab, the platform showed a 40% improvement in cognitive performance over traditional methods during a pilot study. VR simulates realistic or novel environments for learning and development, promoting focus and motivation through engaging experiences. Cognitive training, which strengthens skills like memory, attention, and problem-solving, becomes more effective with adaptive learning—an approach that adjusts content to each learner’s abilities. Immersive technologies like VR deepen user engagement, enhance retention, and support consistent progress, particularly for individuals with learning disabilities. Future directions include AI-driven learning enhancements, broader accessibility, and long-term impact studies, highlighting VR’s potential as a transformative tool in cognitive therapy.