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The cement industry is responsible for approximately 6% of global CO2 emissions, making it a significant environmental concern. This study explores the potential environmental and structural benefits of substituting traditional cement and aggregate materials with recycled and industrial waste materials. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a by-product of iron and steel production, and its utilization offers a sustainable alternative by reducing reliance on virgin materials and associated CO2 emissions. In this research, GGBS and Limestone Powder (LP) serve as partial substitutes for cement, while Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) replaces a portion of the coarse aggregates. The concrete mix design aimed to achieve an M30 grade control mix. GGBS and LP were used as replacements in a 1:4 ratio. GGBS was incorporated into the mix at varying percentages of 25%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, with corresponding amounts of limestone powder added. Similarly, coarse aggregates were partially replaced with recycled aggregates at rates of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The test results revealed that concrete with 40% cement replacement using GGBS and 30% aggregate replacement with recycled aggregates demonstrated sufficient strength when compared to the control mix. Additionally, this paper highlights the calculation of CO2 emissions for the optimal mix percentage to estimate the potential reduction in emissions. It was found that using these supplementary cementitious materials resulted in a 60% reduction in total CO2 emissions.

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Design of a Sustainable, Modified Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Limestone Powder to Reduce Carbon Footprint

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Amruta S. Jadhav,
  • Vikas Varekar

摘要

The cement industry is responsible for approximately 6% of global CO2 emissions, making it a significant environmental concern. This study explores the potential environmental and structural benefits of substituting traditional cement and aggregate materials with recycled and industrial waste materials. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a by-product of iron and steel production, and its utilization offers a sustainable alternative by reducing reliance on virgin materials and associated CO2 emissions. In this research, GGBS and Limestone Powder (LP) serve as partial substitutes for cement, while Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) replaces a portion of the coarse aggregates. The concrete mix design aimed to achieve an M30 grade control mix. GGBS and LP were used as replacements in a 1:4 ratio. GGBS was incorporated into the mix at varying percentages of 25%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, with corresponding amounts of limestone powder added. Similarly, coarse aggregates were partially replaced with recycled aggregates at rates of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The test results revealed that concrete with 40% cement replacement using GGBS and 30% aggregate replacement with recycled aggregates demonstrated sufficient strength when compared to the control mix. Additionally, this paper highlights the calculation of CO2 emissions for the optimal mix percentage to estimate the potential reduction in emissions. It was found that using these supplementary cementitious materials resulted in a 60% reduction in total CO2 emissions.