With the increase in oil extraction and transportation activities, oil spill accidents frequently occur in the Bohai Sea, posing a significant threat to the marine ecological environment. This study addresses the current challenges in oil spill detection at the Bohai Sea by proposing a novel detection method based on ocean landscape patterns. First, oil spill dark spots are extracted from Sentinel-1 images using the OTSU algorithm, and their areas are calculated and weighted. Next, the marine landscape pattern is integrated to delineate the marine landscape buffer zones in the Bohai Sea, assigning probabilities to different landscape types and buffer zones to construct an oil spill probability model. Finally, the distribution probability of oil spill events is determined by overlaying the analysis of the oil spill dark spots with the landscape probability model. The results indicate that the probability of oil spill distribution is high in the route landscape, and this method provides scientific support for oil spill detection.