As technology continues to develop rapidly, and data needs are growing, companies are using big data to improve decision-making and their supply chain performance. The arrival of Supply Chain 4.0 has also brought to the fore the utility of embedding big data analytics within corporate strategy. Nevertheless, although big data holds promises toward performance enhancements, its practical use continues to be a struggle for a variety of organizations. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic literature review for this purpose using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, to examine the application of big data analytics in transforming supply chain decision-making and performance. The review finds and synthesizes evidence from the literature, and highlights important factors contributing to effective permeation of big data into supply chain management. It further discusses different paradigms for assessing the effect of big data on supply chain efficiency and agility. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of organizations to design and acquire the required capacity and structures to get the best out of big data for improved performance of supply chain.