Inquisitor Bréhal produced his own summary of objections against Joan’s trial, and proceeded to solicit treatises objecting to her trial from experts in theology and canon law, as commissioned by King Charles. Of the treatises produced, which would be added to the Nullity proceedings, one of the most significant was the De Puella quadam Johanna of the theologian Robert Ciboule of January1453, on the criteria of heresy, and how nothing of Joan’s actions came close to heresy. Ciboule was the first Chancellor of Paris since Jean Gerson and represented the reformed University of Paris, now on Joan’s side. Another important treatise was the Opinio of the canonist Jean de Montigny, which detailed the ways in which the trial failed to follow the rules of inquisitorial procedure, as had been noted by the papal judge Jean Lohier (e.g., interrogating her before establishing her as suspect of any crimes). Montigny also suggested the method for overturning the verdict that was eventually chosen (i.e., suing for damages).