The chapter argues that the idea that scientific knowledge without methodological reflection has limited impact on archaeological research. It ultimately focuses solely on describing the archaeological record. Methodology provides a worldview, organises knowledge, offers theoretical explanations and enables comparisons with other perspectives. In this chapter, the author considers the case of different perceptions of time in early traditional societies. A fundamental question arises: how did the concept of past time emerge in European culture? In early traditional societies, time was perceived as cyclical rather than linear. This leads to the next question of how the concept of past time became established in European culture. The text references and discusses the views and arguments of thinkers from antiquity to the present day, organised around the socio-regulative concept of culture. A significant aspect of social development, particularly in communication, is the shift from collective memory to organised historical narratives. Creating coherent historical narratives requires the use of language at an appropriate level of abstraction, enabling the construction of frameworks based on linear time.