This article examines the complex challenges of regulating dual-use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within international arms control frameworks, amid a growing divide between the Global North and Global South. The intangible nature and dual-use potential of AI make traditional monitoring, verification, and classification methods ineffective. Developed nations are integrating civilian AI research into defense applications and imposing strict access controls to maintain military advantages, which exacerbates geopolitical tensions and stifles global innovation. In contrast, many Global South countries, unable to match these technological advancements, advocate for outright bans on autonomous weapons systems to mitigate their disadvantages. This dynamic undermines global cooperation and increases the risk of interstate conflict. The article advocates for a paradigm shift toward inclusive AI governance that addresses the needs and aspirations of both developed and developing nations. By fostering international dialogue, capacity building, and equitable access to AI technologies, it proposes establishing a transparent, multilateral framework for responsible AI use to bridge the North–South divide, reduce tensions, and promote global security and prosperity.