This chapter proposes an analytical framework for examining the structure, boundaries, and interconnections of higher education systems from a geographical perspective. It explores their evolution within the broader context of globalization, with particular emphasis on spatial distribution, regional differentiation, and multi-scalar interactions from global and national systems to institutional and disciplinary levels. Special attention is given to cross-border flows of students, academic staff, and knowledge, which are intricately linked to local economies, cultural dynamics, and regional innovation ecosystems. The chapter underscores the vital role of universities in promoting regional development, generating knowledge, and fostering social transformation. It also explores strategies for enhancing institutional connectivity through international partnerships, innovative spatial planning, and regional university consortia. The chapter concludes by identifying key opportunities for future research on higher education geography, highlighting emerging topics and methodological directions.