‘Oral assessment’ includes any assessment of student learning that is conducted, wholly or in part, by word of mouth. Viva in ideal situations assesses primarily the attitude, skill and communication of students. It also tests different levels of knowledge. Viva voce provides a platform for the examiner to assess the decision making skills and professional attitude of the candidate. Ideally viva examination should assess what usually cannot be assessed through a written examination. A good viva assessment should demonstrate reliability, validity and fairness. Blueprinting ensures adequate coverage of the syllabus. This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of traditional viva examination. It also elaborates the process and merits of a more objective modification of via voce—the objective structured viva examination.