Second Case Study: A Brief (Hi)Story of Just-So Stories in Evolutionary Science
摘要
This chapter is construed as the conceptual analysis of the catchphrase “just-so story” that, from the end of 1970s, has become a very popular sticker for labeling weak or just unwarranted evolutionary hypotheses. First, I track the current ways in which the phrase “just-so story” is used and conclude that it is possible to categorize two mutually exclusive usages. I name these two as “positive strategy” and “negative strategy.” Then, second, I underscore the fact that within these two strategies themselves there are additional and very instructive differences with respect to their usage. One could split them again into two basic differences; the usage either targets the description of evolutionary ontology (it targets the problem of adaptationism), or the epistemic difficulties associated with evolutionary explanations (it targets their historical and/or speculative features). However, third, I argue that these strategies do not satisfactorily capture the core of the “original” denotation of the phrase as advanced by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin. I revisit the foundation(s) of their anti-adaptationist critique in order to reframe it as predominantly a critique of distinct methodological manners and epistemic maxims related to evolutionary inquiry qua historical inquiry.