In The Philosophical Structure of Historical Explanation (2020), Roth advances a naturalistic case for integrating historical/narrative explanations into the canon of scientifically recognized modes of explanation. He simultaneously challenges the traditional dichotomy between explanation and understanding and proposes an “irrealist” middle ground that navigates between scientific realism and anti-realism. Moreover, Roth offers a novel reinterpretation of Kuhn’s Structure, arguing that Kuhn establishes historical explanation as indispensable not only for delineating what counts as science but also for rational understanding in general. This interpretation consequently renders history essential to any comprehensive account of human rationality. And since Roth himself subscribes to Quinean naturalism, this chapter seeks to introduce his work in detail and critically engage with it, with particular attention to its implications for naturalism as developed and defended herein.