Dermatopathies Due to the Injection of Permanent Synthetic Substances Pathophysiology
摘要
Dermal fillers are classified into temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent fillers based on the absorption time in tissue after infiltration, as well as their biodegradable characteristics. Silicone is a synthetic polymer with the scientific name dimethylpolysiloxane, depending on its composition of silicon, oxygen, and methane. It comes in solid form (prosthetics, tubes, etc.), gels (breast implants), or liquid (soft tissue filler). Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a biocompatible polymer that has been safely used in orthopedic medical implants, bone cement, and craniectomy plates for over 65 years. It consists of spheres and has a biphasic composition, as these spheres are suspended in a vehicle solution of bovine collagen (requiring prior allergy testing) or methylcellulose. Both materials have been associated with multiple complications, including foreign body granulomas, ulcerations, changes in skin texture and shape, hyperpigmentation, sclerosis, necrosis, recurrent cellulitis, cystic formations with infection risk, immunological pathologies, and hypercalcemia. The most severe complications result from implant migration to different parts of the body.