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Filler substances for treating the face have increased considerably, resulting in many dissatisfied patients and complications. The most commonly used permanent fillers continue to be polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylamide gel, and silicone. We observe everything from small nodulations, granulomas, unfavorable aesthetic results, functional changes, extensive necrosis, and blindness, which encourages the development of treatments. This chapter will provide a review of the substances still used in light of their risks and evolution, as well as clinical diagnosis using ultrasound (US) imaging, and suggest protocols for evaluation and treatment in an attempt to minimize sequelae.

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Complications and Damage Through the Use of Non-absorbable Substances in Facial Procedures

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Patricia J. Erazo,
  • Lory F. Da Silveira,
  • Maria Alejandra Palacios C,
  • Ana Carolina Carvalho de Nadai,
  • Luciana Akemi Takahashi,
  • Bianca Acosta Erazo

摘要

Filler substances for treating the face have increased considerably, resulting in many dissatisfied patients and complications. The most commonly used permanent fillers continue to be polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylamide gel, and silicone. We observe everything from small nodulations, granulomas, unfavorable aesthetic results, functional changes, extensive necrosis, and blindness, which encourages the development of treatments. This chapter will provide a review of the substances still used in light of their risks and evolution, as well as clinical diagnosis using ultrasound (US) imaging, and suggest protocols for evaluation and treatment in an attempt to minimize sequelae.