This chapter explores the fundamental role of anesthesia in procedures involving the surgical removal of biopolymers—synthetic or biological substances commonly used as aesthetic fillers. It reviews the historical evolution of anesthetic practice, highlighting advances from ancient analgesics to modern agents such as propofol, dexmedetomidine, and target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems. This chapter details the risks associated with biopolymers, including systemic reactions and adjuvant-induced autoimmune syndrome (ASIA) syndrome, and emphasizes the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation and interdisciplinary planning. A recommended anesthetic induction and maintenance protocol are outlined, including multimodal pharmacological strategies. Postoperative care guidelines prioritize early mobility, prophylactic anticoagulation, and analgesic management to prevent complications and promote recovery.