Shoenfeld et al. identified autoimmune/Inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) in 2011. It includes autoimmune conditions triggered by adjuvants like mineral oil. Mineral oil-induced ASIA (ASIA-MO) is particularly significant in Latin America due to the prevalent use of oily substances in cosmetic procedures. Mineral oil can enhance the immune response, leading to severe symptoms and even death, making ASIA-MO a complex condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Since the 1970s, adverse effects from cosmetic procedures in Mexico have been linked to autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. High incidences in Latin America are due to the unregulated use of oily substances, causing severe reactions such as pulmonary embolism. These findings highlight the need for stringent public health policies. ASIA-MO results from genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune system interactions, leading to chronic inflammation. Despite widespread use, mineral oil exposure is associated with autoimmune phenomena. Animal studies have shown that substances like tetramethylpentadecane or pristane can cause chronic granulomatous inflammation, leading to conditions like lupus and arthritis. Symptoms of ASIA-MO range from mild to severe, including chronic fatigue, fever, cognitive impairment, musculoskeletal issues, and psychiatric disorders, with severe complications like pulmonary embolism and chronic renal failure. Local symptoms include skin color changes, painful ulcers, and fistulas, with penile injections causing edema, necrosis, and deformities. Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical examinations, and criteria by Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin, with key tests including autoantibodies, blood counts, and imaging. Treatment requires both medical and surgical approaches led by rheumatologists or internists, incorporating pain control, psychiatric support, antibiotics, and immunosuppressive therapy. Surgical removal of injected MO can improve symptoms and control immune responses. Illegal oily substance injections pose severe health risks. Public awareness and stringent health regulations are crucial to prevent these procedures and manage this health issue effectively.