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This study investigates the tribological behavior of polymeric materials produced using 3D printing technologies, with the aim of evaluating their suitability for dynamic sealing applications. Samples were manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) with four elastomeric materials of varying hardness. Tribological tests were conducted under mixed friction conditions using a pin-on-disc setup, and the coefficient of friction (COF) was measured in the presence of three lubricants: Hydraulic oil, gear oil, and water. The results revealed a strong dependence of tribological performance on both material type and lubricant. The lowest average COF values were recorded for DLP photopolymer resin in water (0.048), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in gear oil (0.214), and thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPEE) in hydraulic oil (0.223). All materials exhibited high repeatability in friction force measurements, and no significant wear was observed. Complementary SEM analysis of fracture surfaces revealed brittle morphology and interlayer separation in DLP samples, while FDM samples showed layered porosity and extrusion paths, potentially enhancing lubricant retention. The findings confirm that both DLP- and FDM-printed elastomeric materials can be applied as functional sealing components, provided that material-lubricant compatibility is appropriately selected. This study demonstrates that 3D-printed seals offer tribological characteristics comparable to conventional elastomers, highlighting their feasibility for custom-designed, low-volume sealing applications.

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Tribological Properties of Polymeric Materials Used in 3D Printing Technology in The Context of their Application for Prototype Technical Seals

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Wojciech Wieleba,
  • Piotr Kowalewski,
  • Mariusz Opałka

摘要

This study investigates the tribological behavior of polymeric materials produced using 3D printing technologies, with the aim of evaluating their suitability for dynamic sealing applications. Samples were manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) with four elastomeric materials of varying hardness. Tribological tests were conducted under mixed friction conditions using a pin-on-disc setup, and the coefficient of friction (COF) was measured in the presence of three lubricants: Hydraulic oil, gear oil, and water. The results revealed a strong dependence of tribological performance on both material type and lubricant. The lowest average COF values were recorded for DLP photopolymer resin in water (0.048), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in gear oil (0.214), and thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPEE) in hydraulic oil (0.223). All materials exhibited high repeatability in friction force measurements, and no significant wear was observed. Complementary SEM analysis of fracture surfaces revealed brittle morphology and interlayer separation in DLP samples, while FDM samples showed layered porosity and extrusion paths, potentially enhancing lubricant retention. The findings confirm that both DLP- and FDM-printed elastomeric materials can be applied as functional sealing components, provided that material-lubricant compatibility is appropriately selected. This study demonstrates that 3D-printed seals offer tribological characteristics comparable to conventional elastomers, highlighting their feasibility for custom-designed, low-volume sealing applications.