The article presents the development and experimental study of a thrust sliding bearing with a self-generating hydrostatic leveling and damping system, designed to replace outdated traditional leveling systems for thrust bearings in rotor machines. The necessity of improving the reliability and efficiency of thrust bearings subjected to asymmetric loads is emphasized, as such loads lead to accelerated wear of load-bearing elements and emergency failures of dynamic equipment. An analysis of existing axial load leveling methods, including mechanical lever systems and hydrostatic leveling with an external pressure supply, has been conducted. It has been established that traditional solutions have several drawbacks, such as structural and operational complexity, significant axial subsidence of mechanical leveling systems, wear of load-bearing elements, and limited vibration damping efficiency. In this regard, a new bearing design with a hydrostatic leveling and damping system has been proposed, ensuring uniform load distribution and effective axial vibration reduction. Experimental studies have identified the preferred parameters of the bearing’s structural elements. The obtained research results confirmed the high efficiency of the developed design, allowing the elimination of traditional solution drawbacks and significantly improving the operational characteristics of bearings in rotor machines. Based on the optimization of structural elements, recommendations have been formulated for the design of a thrust sliding bearing with a self-generating hydrostatic leveling and damping system.