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For centuries, the Caspian Sea and the lands around it have been the subject of wars between Russia and Persia, after which the lands changed hands. England and the Ottoman Empire had a great influence on their relations. Several bilateral agreements, including the latest between the USSR and Iran, regulated the relations between the two States at Sea. These agreements did not specifically mention the Caspian Sea in terms of its legal status or borders, but emphasised the free movement of merchant vessels and citizens of the two States. After the dissolution of the USSR and the formation of three new Caspian States as new subjects of international law, there arose a need to establish a new legal regime for the Caspian Sea among the now five littoral States to determine their sovereign rights, especially in terms of the sustainable use of the natural resources of the Sea.

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The Evolutionary Process of the Legal Regime of the Caspian Sea

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Marina Soilemezidou

摘要

For centuries, the Caspian Sea and the lands around it have been the subject of wars between Russia and Persia, after which the lands changed hands. England and the Ottoman Empire had a great influence on their relations. Several bilateral agreements, including the latest between the USSR and Iran, regulated the relations between the two States at Sea. These agreements did not specifically mention the Caspian Sea in terms of its legal status or borders, but emphasised the free movement of merchant vessels and citizens of the two States. After the dissolution of the USSR and the formation of three new Caspian States as new subjects of international law, there arose a need to establish a new legal regime for the Caspian Sea among the now five littoral States to determine their sovereign rights, especially in terms of the sustainable use of the natural resources of the Sea.