Quantitative neurohistology is an evolving field that applies quantitative methods to the study of the nervous system’s structure and function, offering objective and reproducible data that surpass traditional qualitative assessments. This review explores the key techniques in quantitative neurohistology, including tissue preparation, sectioning, staining, image capture, and image analysis. It highlights the benefits of quantitative approaches, such as enhanced objectivity, precision, and statistical rigour. The chapter next explores the applications of quantitative neurohistology that are wide-ranging, including studying neurodegenerative diseases, assessing neuroprotective compounds, investigating neural regeneration and plasticity, and studying developmental neurobiology. Furthermore, the review discusses future directions, such as integrating multi-omics approaches, leveraging advancements in imaging techniques, automation through machine learning, 3D reconstruction and modelling, and the use of AI. These advancements promise a deeper understanding of neurological disorders and the development of targeted interventions, thus underscoring the potential of quantitative neurohistology in advancing neuroscience research and clinical applications.