Various advancedWater treatment waterWater treatmentTreatment technologies have been developed over years by researchers to maintain the drinking waterWater parametersParameter originating from different sources, in order to tackle the waterWater scarcity problem. Conventional treatmentTreatment methods are inefficient, slow or constricted due to various techno-economical drawbacks. SurfactantsSurfactant/bio-surfactants due to their high pollutantPollutant-removalRemoval efficiency efficiencyEfficiency andEnvironmental compatibility environmentalEnvironmental compatibilityCompatibility are immensely useful in removing theToxic heavy metal toxicToxic heavy metalsHeavy metal and the several organicOrganic pollutantsOrganic pollutant presentPollutant in various wastewaterWastewater sources. This chapter focuses on the utilization of advanced surfactantSurfactant-based technologies due to their simplicity, ease of operation and lower operating costsCost for treating wastewaterWastewater and the various pollutantsPollutant present in it. The chapter presents elaborative discussion about the novel surfactantSurfactant-based technologies along with their integrated processes for obtaining better and efficient treatmentTreatment results. Moreover, specific applicationsApplication of surfactantSurfactant-based wastewaterWastewater are highlighted in this chapter to provide a vivid knowledge of their process mechanismMechanism. The chapter also includes the environmentalEnvironmental risk assessment of surfactantsSurfactant along with the future scope and perspective of such emerging technologies toward wastewaterWastewater treatmentTreatment and certain modifications to enhance their efficiencyEfficiency.