This chapter draws evidence of transgender women who are sex workers as exposing contemporary Nachchi (a category of transgender individuals) in Sri Lanka to multiple, intersecting forms of discrimination. They are subject to colonial-era penal laws that criminalize both commercial sex work and same-sex relationships. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Colombo and its suburbs, this chapter examines how Nachchi sex workers have formed their social networks, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic followed by an economic crisis in Sri Lanka. This chapter explores, how transgender sex workers create subaltern counterpublics (Fraser, 1990), those political spaces of negotiation and agency. It focuses on the ways in which small but tightly knit networks of Nachchi sex workers in urban and peri-urban areas build, sustain, and represent alternative or parallel informal spaces of belonging and resistance. The chapter argues that the dominant narratives in the health and development sectors often construct Nachchi sex workers solely as vulnerable persons. These portrayals tend to obscure their private lives and significant dimensions of their personhood. Notions of love, in particular, are often dismissed or rendered irrelevant in mainstream discourses on sex work. Therefore, it is critical to examine how Nachchi sex workers enact agency by reinterpreting and resisting hegemonic and normative discourses. Finally, the chapter calls for a decolonial approach to understanding Nachchi lives—one that recognizes how marginalized individuals challenge oppression through everyday practices that may appear mundane but are, in fact, deeply political.

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Communities, Spaces, and Subaltern Counterpublics: Case of Nachchi Sex Workers in Colombo, Sri Lanka

  • Kaushalya Ariyarathne

摘要

This chapter draws evidence of transgender women who are sex workers as exposing contemporary Nachchi (a category of transgender individuals) in Sri Lanka to multiple, intersecting forms of discrimination. They are subject to colonial-era penal laws that criminalize both commercial sex work and same-sex relationships. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Colombo and its suburbs, this chapter examines how Nachchi sex workers have formed their social networks, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic followed by an economic crisis in Sri Lanka. This chapter explores, how transgender sex workers create subaltern counterpublics (Fraser, 1990), those political spaces of negotiation and agency. It focuses on the ways in which small but tightly knit networks of Nachchi sex workers in urban and peri-urban areas build, sustain, and represent alternative or parallel informal spaces of belonging and resistance. The chapter argues that the dominant narratives in the health and development sectors often construct Nachchi sex workers solely as vulnerable persons. These portrayals tend to obscure their private lives and significant dimensions of their personhood. Notions of love, in particular, are often dismissed or rendered irrelevant in mainstream discourses on sex work. Therefore, it is critical to examine how Nachchi sex workers enact agency by reinterpreting and resisting hegemonic and normative discourses. Finally, the chapter calls for a decolonial approach to understanding Nachchi lives—one that recognizes how marginalized individuals challenge oppression through everyday practices that may appear mundane but are, in fact, deeply political.