This chapter examines the emergence of blockchain, a fault-tolerant distributed database grounded in the concept of consensus, namely, agreement. The process of reaching agreement is the means to establish a democratic society, giving every individual the right to vote in order to participate and shape their social affairs in a seemingly collective and equitable manner, thus becoming deeply intertwined with and influencing the very social fabric of modern society. This raises the fundamental question of what it means to embody democratic and decentralized principles in technology, thereby setting the stage for philosophical, political, and societal inquiry. The inquiry begins by reflecting on the nature of agreement, the criteria for assessing it, the broad implications of agreement in establishing values and purpose, and its influence on moral values and the derived ethical principles upon which it stands. To illustrate the concept of agreement, we present a parable that lays the groundwork for re-evaluating democracy—defined as agreement—as a means to form or arrive at an understanding. Thus, it is essential to conceive of agreement not merely as an end, but rather as a means to foster a multi-faceted understanding: a convergence of views, evolving into an ascent all in harmony, in knowing, an indispensable collaborative and cooperative educational method to form a just society. Human society cannot be compelled or manipulated into being just; instead, each individual must be educated to be just, as an essential building block in assembling a just society, against the backdrop of agreement.

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On the Concept of Consensus

  • Mohammad Sadoghi

摘要

This chapter examines the emergence of blockchain, a fault-tolerant distributed database grounded in the concept of consensus, namely, agreement. The process of reaching agreement is the means to establish a democratic society, giving every individual the right to vote in order to participate and shape their social affairs in a seemingly collective and equitable manner, thus becoming deeply intertwined with and influencing the very social fabric of modern society. This raises the fundamental question of what it means to embody democratic and decentralized principles in technology, thereby setting the stage for philosophical, political, and societal inquiry. The inquiry begins by reflecting on the nature of agreement, the criteria for assessing it, the broad implications of agreement in establishing values and purpose, and its influence on moral values and the derived ethical principles upon which it stands. To illustrate the concept of agreement, we present a parable that lays the groundwork for re-evaluating democracy—defined as agreement—as a means to form or arrive at an understanding. Thus, it is essential to conceive of agreement not merely as an end, but rather as a means to foster a multi-faceted understanding: a convergence of views, evolving into an ascent all in harmony, in knowing, an indispensable collaborative and cooperative educational method to form a just society. Human society cannot be compelled or manipulated into being just; instead, each individual must be educated to be just, as an essential building block in assembling a just society, against the backdrop of agreement.