In this study, a novel methodology is developed to refine information security analysis by leveraging graph theory to explore attack pathways, with a focus on non-standard reachability. This research critiques the narrow focus of traditional analyses on immediate attack vectors and targets, proposing instead a dynamic and integrated approach for assessing the impacts of cyber-attacks on information systems. By establishing a novel framework for the in-depth analysis of intruder behaviors using graph-based path analysis, the study aims to equip security professionals with a comprehensive tool for understanding the full scope of an attack’s implications. The methodology is designed to facilitate a holistic examination of potential vulnerabilities and to bolster system resilience against cyber threats. Findings from the study suggest that a more expansive perspective on information system responses to cyber-attacks can significantly elevate the effectiveness of security measures and incident response strategies. By contributing an innovative analytical tool to the cybersecurity field, this work offers a more nuanced strategy for comprehending and counteracting cyber risks, potentially guiding the development of more robust security protocols and frameworks.