The Bird and the Butterfly
摘要
For Ibn ‘Arabī, it is not baqā’ but fanā’ that constitutes reality. Reality is not fullness but emptiness. Since reality (haqīqa) is also Godly truth, we can indeed speak of an emptied God. There is a passage by Bayazīd Bastāmī in which he describes the process of fanā’ as a loss of identity followed by the subsequent re-establishment of identity. Looking closer, the matter is more complex. Enigmatically, Bastāmī speaks about his transformation into a bird, but the passage does not conclusively affirm that Bastāmī has arrived at a clear identity. I compare this with the Butterfly Parable from the Zhuangzi. Both indicate the dissolution of the ‘I’ and, consequently, the dissolution of the real-dream dichotomy. Zhuangzi’s butterfly experience is not meant to fix the presence of the ‘I’ but rather to show that everything is one unity from which we will never be able to carve out compartments in the form of identities or dualisms.