Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a critical role in enhancing infrastructure security and preventing terror attacks. In Iraq, the electrical energy sector has been severely affected by frequent sabotage of high-tension (HT) power towers. This paper presents a stand-alone, low-cost prototype for early threat detection based on a decentralized handshaking protocol between sensor nodes installed on HT towers. Each node is equipped with three Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensors managed by an ESP32 microcontroller. Upon detecting suspicious motion for a defined duration, the node triggers an alert using the ESP-NOW protocol, transmitting the warning through neighboring nodes until it reaches a base station located in a remote, internet-deprived area. The proposed system includes a fallback mechanism where, if Wi-Fi connectivity is available at a specific node (Node N), the alert is uploaded directly to the cloud. The overall design aims to reduce operational costs, minimize response time, and limit human exposure by enabling a smart, autonomous monitoring network that enhances the protection of critical power infrastructure against targeted attacks.

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Design and Implementation of a Handshaking Algorithm for Enhanced Protection of High-Tension Towers in Iraq

  • Nadhir Ibrahim Abdulkhaleq,
  • Mohannad Jabbar Mnati,
  • Ahmed Saad Hussein,
  • Ihsan Jabar Hasan

摘要

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a critical role in enhancing infrastructure security and preventing terror attacks. In Iraq, the electrical energy sector has been severely affected by frequent sabotage of high-tension (HT) power towers. This paper presents a stand-alone, low-cost prototype for early threat detection based on a decentralized handshaking protocol between sensor nodes installed on HT towers. Each node is equipped with three Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensors managed by an ESP32 microcontroller. Upon detecting suspicious motion for a defined duration, the node triggers an alert using the ESP-NOW protocol, transmitting the warning through neighboring nodes until it reaches a base station located in a remote, internet-deprived area. The proposed system includes a fallback mechanism where, if Wi-Fi connectivity is available at a specific node (Node N), the alert is uploaded directly to the cloud. The overall design aims to reduce operational costs, minimize response time, and limit human exposure by enabling a smart, autonomous monitoring network that enhances the protection of critical power infrastructure against targeted attacks.