Nanotechnology is one of the revolutionary sciences of the day that deals with energy and environmental management, showing immense potential in solving many global critical problems. This chapter presents the current role of nanotechnology in enhancing the preparation of renewable energy, improving energy storage and conversion, and supporting environmental protection. It discusses the applications of nanostructured materials in solar and wind energy, advanced batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen fuel cells with an emphasis on improved efficiencies, economies with a view toward sustainability. Application of nanomaterials in pollution control, waste management, and carbon capture is also inclusive, with environmental mitigation. This chapter will, therefore, focus on some of the economic, social, and regulatory challenges involved in deploying nanotechnology into these applications, with due consideration of future trends, challenges, and opportunities. By integrating advances in science and technology with practical, real-world applications, the chapter underlines the prospects of nanotechnology to transform sustainable development goals and push toward a cleaner, more efficient energy future. The emerging field of nanotechnology, along with the next generation of picotechnology, is merged for engineering in atomic and molecular scales, creating solutions in energy and the environment.