Since the end of the American Civil War, an enduring question in US politics has been about how to repair the damage that was done by the institution of slavery. Initially, “40 acres and a mule” (among other things) was promised to formerly enslaved people. Such promises went unfulfilled. The ramifications were disastrous and have only compounded over the subsequent generations. In this chapter, we explore the long-festering consequences of slavery, and the succeeding Jim Crow era, as a matter of intergenerational justice. Determining today’s duties of justice requires articulating and applying a principle of rectification derived from Intergenerational Fair Equality of Opportunity.