In this chapter, we introduce the concept of intergenerational justice, along with the pitfalls and obstacles involved in constructing a social contract account of such justice. This introduction also reviews existing contract scholarship’s attempts to address intergenerational justice. Later in the chapter, we turn our focus to Rawlsian contractualism—the theoretical framework which will be the foundation of our approach in this book. To that end, we explain our choice of Rawlsian theory while also acknowledging important criticisms of the approach.