This review assesses the relationship between agriculture, farmers’ income, world hunger and food security concerns in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is known that agriculture plays a vital role in fighting against hunger as well as increasing food safety. Farm income is an important factor in enhancing sustainability and improving food security among rural people. This paper seeks to demonstrate an interrelationship between hunger, agricultural resources and food security by evaluating three major indicators: the Global Hunger Index, the Sustainability Index and the Food Security Index, which are instrumental in the sustainable development of mankind. Farm income enhancement has been stressed as one of the key components for building resilient food systems and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems that practice enabling access to safe and nutritious food. It is said that sound policies facilitating market opportunities, improved technology and sustainable agriculture can resolve economic, environmental and hunger issues. And this balanced view is in compliance with the SDG 2 (End Hunger) and SDG 12 (Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns), thus providing proposals for food security in a climatically and economically challenging environment.