Urban biodiversity encompasses the variety of species, ecosystems, and habitats within urban and peri-urban areas, playing a crucial role in sustaining ecological balance. However, rapid urbanization, fuelled by economic growth and population expansion, poses significant challenges to biodiversity. The transformation of natural landscapes, habitat fragmentation, and rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contribute to environmental degradation and climate change, threatening both urban ecosystems and human well-being. Despite these threats, urban biodiversity provides essential ecosystem services that benefit both nature and society. Cities can also serve as refuges for species at risk in their natural habitats, sometimes even supporting greater species density than surrounding rural areas. By integrating biodiversity into urban planning and policy frameworks, cities can create resilient, liveable, and sustainable environments that benefit both present and future generations.