The discovery of the DNA and the enhanced capacity to manage living organisms, combined with the challenges of climate change, food security, and rural development, led to the emergence of the concept of the bioeconomy. A broad definition of the bioeconomy is a sector of the economy that relies on living organisms and biological processes and services. The definition of the bioeconomy varies among nations reflecting different emphases and capabilities. The bioeconomy consists of multiple sectors and is evolving over time. This book is divided into three main segments. The first provides diverse perspectives on the bioeconomy, reflecting different geographic and disciplinary points of view. The second focuses on specific sectors and approaches within the bioeconomy and their development. The third presents several studies on emerging bioeconomy sectors in Latin America and other continents.