Infectious problems pre-liver transplantation (LT) are one of the greatest challenges in the management of the LT candidate, and their optimal control impacts significantly transplant outcomes. The immunosuppressive state induced by chronic liver disease, along with the LT surgery and stay in critical care units, is a risk factor for infections. An exhaustive screening of infectious diseases is mandatory in the pre-LT evaluation to prevent the reactivation of latent infections post-LT and to rule out active infections and colonizations, in particular of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO), to ensure optimal post-LT outcomes. This chapter will cover pre-LT infectious screening and vaccinations, general management of chronic viral hepatitis, and selection criteria for HIV infected candidates. Management of infections in the critically ill cirrhotic patient is covered in Chap. 5.