This chapter explores the expanding role of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming supply chains through both internal and external applications. Internally, AI improves forecasting, inventory planning, and workforce coordination, enhancing agility and decision-making. Externally, AI enables personalized customer engagement, real-time responsiveness, and global scalability. Moving beyond automation, the chapter emphasizes the importance of human-AI collaboration, highlighting challenges related to trust, transparency, and workforce adaptation. Drawing on recent research and industry practice, it offers actionable insights for managers on responsible AI integration and outlines a future research agenda, including the rise of agentic supply chain systems. By bridging strategic, operational, and behavioral perspectives, the chapter provides a systems-level view for building intelligent, inclusive, and adaptive supply chains.