Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a high-performance biomaterial characterized by its exceptional properties; however, its production is subject to certain limitations. The emergence of synthetic biology has progressively facilitated the precise control over BC producing microorganisms, which is beneficial not only for enhancing yields but also for broadening their properties and applications. Innovations such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRi) interference, quorum sensing circuits, and modular expression systems are augmenting BC biosynthesis and functionalization. Co-culture strategies, particularly those involving organisms more amenable to genetic modification, can enhance the incorporation of biosensing, enzymatic activity, and self-patterning, thereby paving the way for next-generation materials. The future integration of multi-omics, computational modeling, and automation is expected to refine BC bioengineering. As synthetic biology progresses, BC is evolving from a natural polymer to a programmable material with extensive industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications.