The evacuation of a multilevel building with various stairs, doors, and pedestrians aiming to reach exits quickly is a strategic game, because the time it takes for each pedestrian to exit depends on the overall congestion and efficiency of the evacuation, ultimately impacting the final exit time of the last person in the building. An individual’s exit time during an evacuation depends on other pedestrians’ choices, especially the ones who are behind in a directional neighborhood as they collectively affect the localized congestion, bottleneck formation, and the overall efficiency of exit routes. When multiple pedestrians are trying to exit a multilevel building simultaneously, the following dependencies come into play. If many pedestrians choose the same path or exit route simultaneously, congestion can occur, slowing down the movement of individuals. Those who end up in congested areas will experience longer exit times. If certain exit routes or stairs are narrower than others, pedestrians using these routes may experience delays as they wait for others to pass through. Those who choose wider paths may exit more quickly. Pedestrians often make decisions based on the behavior of others they see or know of these behaviors. If they see a group of people heading toward a specific exit, they may follow suit, potentially creating a queue at that exit, which can affect the exit time for everyone in that queue. The availability of different exit routes can impact individual exit times. If one route becomes blocked or congested, pedestrians may need to backtrack and choose an alternative route, resulting in longer exit times. If there’s a lack of coordination, it can lead to delays. Control panel and pedestrians may share information with each other about which exits are accessible or less crowded, influencing the choices of others and potentially affecting their exit times.

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Evacuation of Multilevel Buildings

  • Tamer Başar,
  • Boualem Djehiche,
  • Hamidou Tembine

摘要

The evacuation of a multilevel building with various stairs, doors, and pedestrians aiming to reach exits quickly is a strategic game, because the time it takes for each pedestrian to exit depends on the overall congestion and efficiency of the evacuation, ultimately impacting the final exit time of the last person in the building. An individual’s exit time during an evacuation depends on other pedestrians’ choices, especially the ones who are behind in a directional neighborhood as they collectively affect the localized congestion, bottleneck formation, and the overall efficiency of exit routes. When multiple pedestrians are trying to exit a multilevel building simultaneously, the following dependencies come into play. If many pedestrians choose the same path or exit route simultaneously, congestion can occur, slowing down the movement of individuals. Those who end up in congested areas will experience longer exit times. If certain exit routes or stairs are narrower than others, pedestrians using these routes may experience delays as they wait for others to pass through. Those who choose wider paths may exit more quickly. Pedestrians often make decisions based on the behavior of others they see or know of these behaviors. If they see a group of people heading toward a specific exit, they may follow suit, potentially creating a queue at that exit, which can affect the exit time for everyone in that queue. The availability of different exit routes can impact individual exit times. If one route becomes blocked or congested, pedestrians may need to backtrack and choose an alternative route, resulting in longer exit times. If there’s a lack of coordination, it can lead to delays. Control panel and pedestrians may share information with each other about which exits are accessible or less crowded, influencing the choices of others and potentially affecting their exit times.