Like other cells, neurons synthesize, chemically modify, and traffic secreted and surface membrane proteins in the specialized biosynthetic membrane network of the secretory pathway. Unlike other cells, neurons develop and maintain very long protrusions with ramified geometries that engage in stable synaptic connections with thousands of other cells, hence dealing with unique logistic constraints to synthesize and bring secretory proteins where they are needed. In this chapter, we discuss how the neuronal Golgi apparatus and associated membranes evolved to achieve this daunting task.