This chapter examines the pivotal shift from the idealist dialectics of classical German philosophy, notably Hegel’s, to the materialist dialectics developed by Karl Marx. Marx’s critical engagement with classical German philosophy, closely intertwined with his investigation of social structure, signifies a transformative moment in the history of dialectics. Capital—Marx’s magnum opus—is presented here as the culmination of materialist dialectics. Through comparative examination of Hegel’s Science of Logic and Marx’s Capital, the chapter traces the development of dialectical method and Marx’s radical transformation of Hegelian dialectics. It addresses key issues in dialectical logic, including the ascent from the abstract to the concrete and the relationship between historical and logical approaches. The chapter also engages with contemporary debates on materialist dialectics, with particular attention to the tension between “historical” and “systematic” dialectics—a central theme in interpretations of Karl Marx’s work.