This chapter examines the revival of dialectics in classical German philosophy, tracing its transformative trajectory through the seminal contributions of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, and Feuerbach. The revival and systematic engagement with dialectics during this period marked a foundational shift that profoundly reshaped the trajectory of modern philosophy. Kant inaugurated this revival by conceptualising dialectics as the ‘logic of illusion’, revealing the limits of reason when it ventures beyond the boundaries of possible experience. Fichte departed from Kant’s conceptualisation by re-imagining dialectics as a path to genuine truth through the establishment of a system of knowledge. Schelling’s contribution to dialectics is closely related to his search for a reconciliation of the dichotomy between object and subject, nature and spirit, themes that run through his philosophical journey. Hegel’s dialectics represents the culmination of the German philosophical tradition, building on and transcending the ideas of his predecessors to develop a comprehensive and all-encompassing system. Hegel developed a comprehensive system of categories designed to capture the dynamic development of logical thought. Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s idealism marks a key moment in the dismantling of Hegel’s philosophical system and German idealism as a whole.

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Exploring Dialectics in German Classical Philosophy

  • Manolis Dafermos

摘要

This chapter examines the revival of dialectics in classical German philosophy, tracing its transformative trajectory through the seminal contributions of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, and Feuerbach. The revival and systematic engagement with dialectics during this period marked a foundational shift that profoundly reshaped the trajectory of modern philosophy. Kant inaugurated this revival by conceptualising dialectics as the ‘logic of illusion’, revealing the limits of reason when it ventures beyond the boundaries of possible experience. Fichte departed from Kant’s conceptualisation by re-imagining dialectics as a path to genuine truth through the establishment of a system of knowledge. Schelling’s contribution to dialectics is closely related to his search for a reconciliation of the dichotomy between object and subject, nature and spirit, themes that run through his philosophical journey. Hegel’s dialectics represents the culmination of the German philosophical tradition, building on and transcending the ideas of his predecessors to develop a comprehensive and all-encompassing system. Hegel developed a comprehensive system of categories designed to capture the dynamic development of logical thought. Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s idealism marks a key moment in the dismantling of Hegel’s philosophical system and German idealism as a whole.