The wetlands of upper Assam are unique ecosystems with significant ecological and economic values. Four major types of wetlands are found in the region: (a) Oxbow lakes (open beel); (b) tectonic lakes (closed beel); (c) seasonal water-logged areas; and (d) man-made tanks. The floodplain lakes, mainly oxbow and tectonic in origin, are the dominant types of wetlands. The huge man-made tanks of upper Assam have aesthetic beauty and are the center of attraction for tourists. These wetlands support a wide variety of aquatic plants and animals, including many rare and endemic ornamental species like Badis assamensis, Channa aurantimaculata, C. barca, C. bleheri, and Mystus dibrugarensis. Migratory birds during the winter months are an attraction for thousands of tourists, and even the critically endangered Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetia) occasionally enters certain wetlands during high flood. These wetlands provide important ecological services such as preventing waterlogging and flood mitigation. Additionally, these wetlands are vital for fisheries and livelihood options. However, many prized species have become rare due to anthropogenic disturbances, rapid urbanization, high siltation rates, embankment construction, high fishing pressure, improper disposal of solid waste and nonbiodegradable materials, and contamination of wetlands by agricultural pesticides. Although aquatic biota have a natural resilience capacity to withstand unfavorable changes to a certain limit, it is crucial to adopt a holistic approach involving all stakeholders to restore wetland habitats and also to protect urban and peri-urban areas from waterlogging conditions, thereby reducing the chances of waterborne diseases.