Due to the need to reduce the negative impact of the construction industry on the environment, the article considers the modelling of the latest energy-efficient decentralized ventilation systems for residential buildings. Such systems significantly reduce the carbon footprint during the operation stage. The transition to nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) requires innovative solutions for ventilation systems. This paper examines decentralized ventilation with heat recovery, analysing its impact on energy efficiency, carbon footprint reduction, and cost savings. The study employs numerical modelling and real-case scenario calculations to evaluate the feasibility of such systems in modern residential construction. The results of other studies show that the use of ventilation systems with heat recovery can significantly reduce energy consumption. In particular, the analysis of different types of heat exchangers according to the scheme of the relative movement of heat carriers - direct-flow, cross-flow and counter-flow – demonstrates that counter-flow heat exchangers provide the highest efficiency of heat utilization due to the maximum temperature gradient between supply and exhaust air. The introduction of decentralized ventilation systems with heat recovery is recommended as an effective way to increase the energy efficiency of residential buildings. The use of such systems minimizes heat loss, reduces heating costs, and ensures an optimal microclimate. They are particularly suitable for buildings with high energy efficiency requirements, providing long-term economic benefits. The obtained results can be used to develop new building standards and strategies for reconstructing residential complexes to increase energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint.