Design of Parking Shelters for Accident Situations-Vehicle Collision with a Column
摘要
Parking shelters are an importantelement of the so-called small-scale architecture. However, due to their function, these structures are often exposed to collisions with parking cars. This aspect should be taken into account in their design. The article examines the impact of a vehicle collision on the behavior of the steel structures of three parking shelters with curved roofs. The shelters had identical horizontal dimensions of 6 × 6 m and a height of 2.8 m, but differed in column shapes supporting the roofs. Round and rectangular profiles, as well as rigid column-to-foundation connections, were applied. The analysis was divided into two stages: optimizing cross-sections for standard usage conditions and evaluating internal forces for an accident scenario when a vehicle hits a column. Two possible scenarios were considered, differing in the direction of impact forces. The analyses showed that a shelter with a roof supported by four straight corner columns had the best dynamic damping properties, making it the most stable and resistant to bending and compression. The shelters with different supporting columns (V-shaped or Y-shaped) had inferior properties. The obtained results may serve as guidelines for designing parking shelters with curved roofs, both as single units and modular systems.