Since the human cost of war extends for generations, understanding service needs through refugees’ stories and experiences is essential for social work practice. However, social work and forced migration literature about human experiences of war and conflict is scarce. For survivors, the trauma of forced migration happens in stages: Stage one (pre-migration) entails political uncertainty, anticipation of war, and fear in the home country. In stage two (devastating stage), survivors escape the conflict or war zones in search of safety but face danger at border crossings, loss of their loved ones and possessions, hunger, and gender-based violence. While some of them cross international borders for safety, others remain within the boundaries of their country, becoming what is known as internally displaced people (IDP). The transition to stage three (resettlement) begins with refugees reaching camps managed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and resettlement to receiving countries. The success and challenges of resettlement depend on the type of services available for refugees, the resettlement country’s history, and welcoming communities. This chapter presents survivors’ stories and maps each forced migration stage.

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Trauma and Stages of Migration

  • Nimo Bokore

摘要

Since the human cost of war extends for generations, understanding service needs through refugees’ stories and experiences is essential for social work practice. However, social work and forced migration literature about human experiences of war and conflict is scarce. For survivors, the trauma of forced migration happens in stages: Stage one (pre-migration) entails political uncertainty, anticipation of war, and fear in the home country. In stage two (devastating stage), survivors escape the conflict or war zones in search of safety but face danger at border crossings, loss of their loved ones and possessions, hunger, and gender-based violence. While some of them cross international borders for safety, others remain within the boundaries of their country, becoming what is known as internally displaced people (IDP). The transition to stage three (resettlement) begins with refugees reaching camps managed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and resettlement to receiving countries. The success and challenges of resettlement depend on the type of services available for refugees, the resettlement country’s history, and welcoming communities. This chapter presents survivors’ stories and maps each forced migration stage.