The necessity of creating biocompatible scaffolds as analogues of bone tissue for its restoration, considering the load and regeneration features, has been established. The features of the application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering are determined. The main types of materials used in the creation of biocompatible scaffolds were analyzed and the prospects for the development of glass-ceramic materials with a bimodal porous structure were established. The influence of architectonics and phase composition of bioactive glass crystal scaffolds on the formation of bone tissue in the regeneration process was established. Methodological principles of creating biocompatible scaffolds based on calcium-silicon phosphate glass-ceramic materials and natural polymers have been developed. Porous composite bioactive carbonate-apatite glass-ceramic materials for bone endoprosthetics based on calcium-silicon phosphate glasses and chitosan by the method of duplicating the polymer matrix were developed. The relationship between phase composition, porosity and solubility of composite materials was established. The possibility of creating a bioactive scaffold based on glass crystal material and chitosan with a porosity of 63 vol. %, with a channel pore size of 100–750 μm and a solubility of 0.84% in distilled water. The structure and properties of the developed materials allow for high biocompatibility of the scaffold and regeneration of bone tissue during its replacement.