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Unexpected power outages (POs) pose significant risks to occupants’ wellbeing, due to their disruptive nature on building services. Modern buildings heavily depend on HVAC systems for maintaining indoor environmental quality, consequently the disruptions in HVAC operations due to a PO can significantly degrade thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) causing health challenge to residents. POs can arise from various causes, ranging from extreme weather events like thunder strike to technical failures such as overload. Researchers studying the impact of PO on occupants’ wellbeing assume PO profiles without considering their probability of occurrence. Few studies quantify POs using statistic methods, i.e. the probability of PO occurrence is barely considered in impact evaluation. This paper introduces a novel approach to generate probability-based PO profiles for thermal comfort and IAQ resilience assessment. The probability of PO occurrences, varying in duration and starting time, is firstly determined using geometric probability theory, by calculating the ratio of affected power users over the total users within a selected area. Subsequently, Reverse Monte-Carlo simulations are used to construct PO shocks for a single-user target building. Finally, the indoor environment is modeled through building simulations, where HVAC operations are paused according to the input PO results. This approach is applied to a case study, an educational building with two lecture rooms E220 and E120. The simulated thermal comfort and IAQ results in different PO scenarios are compared against the benchmark performance without PO, with performance losses measured via Standard Effective Temperature (SET) degree.hours (SETDh) and CO2 concentration ppm.hours. The results showed that SETDh could increase 60–70% for both room in scenario 1, and peaks at 8.62 for E120 in scenario 2, yet it never goes beyond the overall acceptance threshold. However the deterioration of the IAQ is quite sensitive to POs, in the case study, when the longer PO covers higher occupancy rate, the ppm.hours can increase to over 4,000% of the benchmark performance. This study indicates that PO shocks have a much greater impact on the IAQ of the target building than thermal comfort.

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Power Outage Profiles’ Generation to Assess Resilience Performance of an Educational Building

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Peihang An,
  • Douaa Al-Assaad,
  • Chen Zhang,
  • Hilde Breesch

摘要

Unexpected power outages (POs) pose significant risks to occupants’ wellbeing, due to their disruptive nature on building services. Modern buildings heavily depend on HVAC systems for maintaining indoor environmental quality, consequently the disruptions in HVAC operations due to a PO can significantly degrade thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) causing health challenge to residents. POs can arise from various causes, ranging from extreme weather events like thunder strike to technical failures such as overload. Researchers studying the impact of PO on occupants’ wellbeing assume PO profiles without considering their probability of occurrence. Few studies quantify POs using statistic methods, i.e. the probability of PO occurrence is barely considered in impact evaluation. This paper introduces a novel approach to generate probability-based PO profiles for thermal comfort and IAQ resilience assessment. The probability of PO occurrences, varying in duration and starting time, is firstly determined using geometric probability theory, by calculating the ratio of affected power users over the total users within a selected area. Subsequently, Reverse Monte-Carlo simulations are used to construct PO shocks for a single-user target building. Finally, the indoor environment is modeled through building simulations, where HVAC operations are paused according to the input PO results. This approach is applied to a case study, an educational building with two lecture rooms E220 and E120. The simulated thermal comfort and IAQ results in different PO scenarios are compared against the benchmark performance without PO, with performance losses measured via Standard Effective Temperature (SET) degree.hours (SETDh) and CO2 concentration ppm.hours. The results showed that SETDh could increase 60–70% for both room in scenario 1, and peaks at 8.62 for E120 in scenario 2, yet it never goes beyond the overall acceptance threshold. However the deterioration of the IAQ is quite sensitive to POs, in the case study, when the longer PO covers higher occupancy rate, the ppm.hours can increase to over 4,000% of the benchmark performance. This study indicates that PO shocks have a much greater impact on the IAQ of the target building than thermal comfort.